Cervical spine surgery performs on the vertebrae of the neck region. When the nerve compresses between vertebrae and the spinal cord goes under compression, cervical spine surgery is performed to decompress the spinal cord and resolve the symptoms occurring due to nerve compression. The cervical spine surgery is performed to provide stability also. Both the decompression and stability can also be combined in a single surgery. Surgery is performed from either the front of the vertebra or the back of the vertebra but mostly the suitable and reliable approach for surgeons is to perform cervical spine surgery from the front. This approach preserves most of the muscles in front and is also suitable for providing normal alignment of the vertebrae in the neck region. The main goal of cervical spine surgery is to treat conditions or injuries that affect the spinal cord, nerves, or vertebral discs in the neck area. It can help to eliminate pain, restore stability, and improve the function of the cervical spine. Cervical spine surgery has different kinds of techniques and the type of technique applied is based on the condition of the individual and skill of the surgeons. Cervical spine surgery almost always becomes successful but it is counted as major surgery so the risk factors are also associated with cervical spine surgery.
There are several types of cervical spine surgery, depending on the specific condition of the patient. Here are some common procedures:
This procedure involves the release of pressure on the spinal cord and the associated nerves which is caused by the disc herniation or other cervical vertebrae deformities. In this technique, the damaged part of the disc or bone is removed and then fusion of the vertebrae is performed by using some implants or bone grafts.
In this, the herniated or damaged part of the disc between two vertebrae is removed and replaced by an artificial disc which removes the symptoms and also allows greater mobility at the cervical region.
This procedure is performed by using the approach of the back side to release or decompress the spinal cord and nerves. The removal of abnormal bone allows the greater space for nerves that were previously impinged due to presence of abnormal bone or spinal stenosis.
The procedure involves the widening of the spaces or foramina by which the nerve roots are passing. It relieves the pressure on the nerve and ultimately eliminates the symptoms.
Lamina is the arch of bone. Laminectomy involves the removal of the arch of bone which is the main cause of abnormal symptoms. By performing this procedure, the pain and numbness alleviates.
Here is a general outline of the procedure for cervical spine surgery:
Incision under anesthesia: after the pre-operative preparation, the surgeon gives the anesthesia to the patient either as a whole or to a specific part under procedure. An incision is made either from the front or back to access the vertebrae of the cervical spine.
Accessing the spine: the surgeon carefully moves some muscles and removes the bone or disc of cervical spine to access the target.
Decompression: This involves removing portions of bone, herniated disc material, or thickened tissues that are compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Fusion (optional): In some cases, spinal fusion may be necessary to provide stability and prevent abnormal movement between the vertebrae. The surgeon may use bone grafts, metal implants, or rods to fuse the affected vertebrae which allows limited movement and provide stability.
Closure: the surgeon closes the incision and applies medications to prevent any infection.
Post-operative care: the medications to prevent pain, blood thinners are given to the patient. Physical therapy is an essential part of the care for maximum recovery.
The cost of cervical spine surgery in India is approximately 6300 USD to 7700 USD. This may vary according to the type of procedure performed and the skills of the surgeon. It also depends on the facilities of the hospital at which it is performed. Different procedures have different cost which is described below:
Cost of different procedures of cervical spine surgery in India:
Treatment Cost in India | Min Cost in Dollar | Max Cost in Dollar |
Cervical Spine Surgery | $ 3729.60 | $ 4972.80 |
Spine Decompression Surgery | $ 2397.60 | $ 3196.80 |
Anterior Cervical Discectomy | $ 2877.12 | $ 3836.16 |
Cervical Corpectomy | $ 3303. 36 | $ 4404.48 |
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) | $ 2131.20 | $ 2841. 60 |
Here are some of the conditions that may require cervical spine surgery:
Here are some common risk factors associated with cervical spine surgery:
There is a risk of developing an infection at any open surgery. So the proper medications to prevent infection are essential.
There is a risk of excessive bleeding or hematoma formation. In rare cases, blood loss is so extensive that there may require blood transfusions.
The cervical spine contains important nerves and there is a risk of nerve injury that can lead to weakness, numbness, pain, or even paralysis.
After cervical spine surgery, it is common to experience pain and discomfort. This can be managed with pain killers.
The use of anesthesia carries certain risks, such as allergic reactions, breathing problems, or adverse effects on the heart.
Surgery increases the risk of developing blood clots in the legs or lungs. Proper care is required otherwise it can also lead to death.
This means the bones do not heal and fuse together properly, resulting in continued instability and symptoms. And this may require another surgery.
Following cervical spine surgery, stress on surrounding spinal segments can increase, which can lead to overuse injury or tear, known as segment degeneration. This can cause new symptoms and may need new surgery to manage the problem.
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