ASD closure is a surgical procedure in which the atrial septal defect is corrected. ASD (atrial septal defect) is a condition in which there is a hole between the upper chambers of the heart. In device closure ASD, a device is used to place in the hole which covers the hole and reduces the symptom of mixing the oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood. Device closure ASD can be performed in a traditional way where large incisions are made or it can be performed through minimally invasive procedures where small incisions are made to perform the procedure. Sometimes the hole between the walls of the heart is so small that it does not require any type of treatment. But in the cases, where there is a large hole present in between the walls of the heart, an emergency surgical procedure is performed and the surgeon closes the hole with a device. Although the device closure ASD is performed to reduce the severe symptoms, the surgery itself has some risks and complications that should be managed with time or should be prevented in the first place. The recovery period can vary from person to person but usually, the medications and follow-up continue for 6 months after the surgical procedure. The younger children who undergo device closure ASD have more life expectancy than a person of older age.
Types of Device Closure For Asd Treatment India
Some types of devices that are used in ASD are:
- Amplatzer Septal Occluder
- GORE HELEX Septal Occluder
- CardioSEAL
- STARFlex
- Figulla Flex II Septal Occluder
- Nitinol Coil Occluders
- Ventricular Septal Occluders (VSDO)
Amplatzer Septal Occluder
This is one of the most commonly used devices for ASD closure. It consists of two discs made of a flexible metal framework covered with fabric. The device is delivered through a catheter into the heart and is placed according to the hole to close the ASD.
GORE HELEX Septal Occluder
Similar to the Amplatzer device, the HELEX occluder is another option for device closure. It is designed to be inserted through a catheter and placed on the wall of the ASD to close the hole.
CardioSEAL and STARFlex Septal Occluders
These are more traditional devices that were used for ASD closure. They are not as commonly used today, as newer and more advanced devices are available.
Nit-Occlud
This is a device made from a self-expanding nitinol mesh. It is designed to be inserted through a catheter and positioned across the hole in the ASD to close it.
Figulla Flex II Septal Occluder
This is another device that can be used for ASD closure. It has a unique design that allows for flexibility and precise placement.
Ventricular Septal Occluders (VSDO)
Some ventricular septal occluders can be used for certain types of ASDs according to the type of hole on the walls of the heart. These devices are usually customized before the surgical procedure.
Procedure of Device Closure ASD
Here is a general overview of the procedure for Device closure ASD:
- Anesthesia: Most ASD closures are performed under general anesthesia. The anesthesia is administered to prevent any pain and discomfort during surgery.
- Catheter Insertion: A catheter is a thin, flexible tube inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin area.
- Guiding Catheter Placement: Using X-ray guidance, the cardiologist guides the catheter through the blood vessels and into the heart. The catheter is carefully advanced toward the ASD where there is a hole to close.
- Device Placement: The closure device is placed on another catheter and guided through the guiding catheter to the ASD. The device is positioned over the hole such that both sides of the septum are covered with the device.
- Catheter removal: The catheter is removed from the blood vessel after the placement of the device.
- Recovery and Observation: After the surgery, the recovery process begins in which medications are used to prevent complications.
- Follow-Up: Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor the recovery and to find any complications in the early phase.
Cost of Device closure ASD treatment in India
The cost of Device closure ASD treatment in India ranges from 2000 USD to 3800 USD. The cost can vary according to the size of the hole between the walls of the heart or the type of device used in the surgical procedure. The cost may also vary in different cities and different hospitals in India.
- ASD Closure : 2610 USD - 3480 USD
- Device Closure-ASD VSD : 2504 USD - 3339 USD
- PDA Device Closure : 2237 USD - 2983 USD
Symptoms and Risk factors
Some of the conditions where the Device closure ASD procedure is performed are:
- Significant shunt flow
- Symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue
- Right heart enlargement
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension
- Recurrent stroke or embolism
- Preventive closure
- Paradoxical embolism
- Functional impairment
- Development of abnormal rhythm of the heart
- Elevated pulmonary artery pressure
- Risk of heart infections
- Unsatisfactory response to other treatment
Risk Factors of Device Closure ASD
Some risk factors that are associated with Device closure ASD are as follows:
Complications During the Procedure
There's a small chance of problems like bleeding, or infection while putting in the device during the procedure. There can be complications with the medicine that make you sleep during the procedure.
Device Moving or Getting Stuck
The device might not stay where it is supposed to and can move to the wrong place. It might block blood flow in the heart.
Unsuccessful procedure
Sometimes, even after the device is put in, a tiny hole might still be there which allows a bit of blood to pass through the hole.
Heartbeat Problems
The process of putting in the device might cause the heart to beat irregularly for a short time.
Fluid Around the Heart
In rare cases, fluid might build up around the heart, which can affect the function of the heart and disrupt how it works.
Infection
There's a small chance of getting an infection from the procedure or the device itself.
Allergic Reaction or Sensitivity
A few people might have an allergic reaction to the materials used in the device or during the procedure.
Device Wearing
Sometimes in rare cases, the device might rub against other parts of the heart and cause damage.
Inflammation or Blood Clots
The device implanted can cause blood clot formation and swelling in the area. These complications further need treatment and may complicate the healing.
03/05/2024
