Polypectomy is a surgical procedure in which the polyps are removed. Polyps are the abnormal growth inside the organs or any cavity of the body. Polyps can be formed in any cavity of the body such as the stomach, ovary, uterus, and colon. Polyps can be non-cancerous or cancerous. In many cases, polyp formation inside the organs does not cause any symptoms. But when the polyps start producing symptoms, the surgeon has to remove these polyps. Regular monitoring of polyps and the removal of polyps is also important for the prevention of stomach cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, and stomach cancer. Polypectomy can be performed as a minimally invasive procedure in which small incisions are made to perform the procedure. Sometimes small incisions are not necessarily required and the procedure can be performed through the natural openings of the body. Many of the polyps are also removed during the diagnostic procedure such as endoscopy and colonoscopy. There are also risks and complications associated with the procedure of polypectomy. So proper management is required. Polypectomy is a type of minor surgery and it requires a very short time to recover completely. In the recovery phase, some medications can be used to prevent any delay in the recovery process.
Types of Polypectomy Treatment India
Some of the types of polypectomy procedure are as follow:
- Colonoscopic Polypectomy
- Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
- Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)
- Laryngeal Polypectomy
- Nasal Polypectomy
- Gastric Polypectomy
- Cervical Polypectomy
Colonoscopic Polypectomy
In colonoscopic polypectomy, the surgeon removes little growths of polyps from the large intestine or colon during a procedure of colonoscopy. Special types of tools are used to perform this procedure.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
EMR is another type of technique that is used to remove bigger or flat polyps from the digestive system. In this technique, the surgeon put liquid under the polyp to lift it up and then removed the polyps by using a special tool.
Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)
If polyps or tumors form in the bladder, the TURBT procedure is used to remove them. The surgeon uses a thin tube to pass through the urethra and remove the polyps.
Laryngeal Polypectomy
When the polyps form in the voice box in the throat, the surgeon removes these polyps. In this technique, laser energy is used to remove the growths from the voice box.
Nasal Polypectomy
In nasal polypectomy, the polyps are removed that form in the nose. It is often linked to sinus problems. It can also be performed to treat the conditions that affect the breathing of patients.
Gastric Polypectomy
Polyps that form in the stomach are also removed by using a special technique of minimally invasive procedure. In this procedure, small incisions are made that can help in the removal of polyps.
Cervical Polypectomy
If there are polyps in the cervix or the lower part of the uterus, the surgeon removes these polyps during the diagnostic procedure.
Procedure of Polypectomy
The general overview of the polypectomy procedure is described below:
Anesthesia
The anesthesia is given to the patient to reduce the discomfort and pain during the procedure. Anesthesia can be used to numb the area under surgery or it can make the patient unconscious.
Insertion of Colonoscope
A thin tube with a camera at the tip is inserted into the rectum of the patient and guided through the colon. The camera allows the doctor to see the inside of the colon and locate the polyps.
Polyp Identification
After the insertion of the colonoscope, the surgeon examines the size, shape, and location of the polyps. It helps in selecting a specific treatment type.
- Snare Polypectomy: A wire is used to encircle the polyp, and then an electrical current is passed through the wire to cut and remove the polyp.
- Forceps Polypectomy: Small polyps may be removed by using special types of tools.
- Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR): This method is used for larger polyps. In this technique, a fluid is injected beneath the polyp to lift it and then it is removed by using a cutting device.
Recovery
After the procedure, the medications are used to prevent any complications during the recovery process. In the recovery phase, some of the instructions are given to patients including dietary habits, physical activities, and wound cleaning.
Cost of Polypectomy in India
The cost of polypectomy treatment in India ranges from 1200 USD to 1600 USD. The cost can vary according to the type of technique used in the procedure. The cost can also vary according to the facilities of the hospital and the skill of the surgeon.
Polypectomy : 1173 USD - 1562 USD
Indications of Polypectomy
Some of the indications of polypectomy procedure according to their location are as follows:
Colon Polyps
- Blood in stool
- constipation or diarrhea
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Low level of blood
Nasal Polyps
- Nasal congestion
- Runny nose
- Postnasal drip
- Decreased sense of smell
- Facial pain or pressure
Uterine Polyps
- Irregular menstrual bleeding
- Heavy menstrual periods
- Vaginal bleeding between periods
- Pelvic pain
Bladder Polyps
- Blood in urine
- Increase the frequency of urination
- Painful urination
- Lower abdominal pain
Stomach Polyps
- Stomach pain or discomfort
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Blood in vomiting
Laryngeal Polyps
- Hoarseness
- Voice changes
- Throat discomfort
Risk Factors of Polypectomy
Some of the risk factors of the polypectomy procedure are as follows:
Bleeding
There is a risk of bleeding especially when the polyp is large or multiple polyps are removed. In most cases, bleeding can be managed during the procedure.
Infection
There is a slight risk of infection at the site where the polyp was removed. This complication can delay the recovery process.
Perforation
In some cases, there is a small risk of puncturing or perforating the organ or tissue during the removal of the polyp. The risk is greater in specific types of polypectomies such as colonoscopic procedures. It can also be due to poor skill and management.
Allergic Reaction
There is a minimal risk of an allergic reaction to medications or materials used during the procedure. However, not all patients experience these allergic reactions.
Adverse Reaction to Anesthesia
If anesthesia is administered, there can be a risk of having an adverse response to it. However, such reactions are rare.
Residual Polyp Tissue
Sometimes complete removal of the entire polyp is not possible and a small fragment of tissue might remain. This can increase the risk of regrowth of the polyp over time.
After polyp removal surgery, scar tissue may develop at the extraction site. This is a natural part of the healing process but can result in symptoms or complications.
Specific Risks by Procedure
Different types of polypectomies have their risks. For example, colonoscopic polypectomy carries a risk of perforation in the large intestine, while laryngeal polypectomy carries a risk of voice change.
