Valve Repair Treatment India

Types of Valve Repair Treatment India

There are different techniques in which heart valve repair surgery is performed. These are:

• Annuloplasty
• Leaflet repair
• Chordal reconstruction
• Chordal replacement
• Commissurotomy
• Decalcification
• Patch repair

Annuloplasty

This technique involves repairing the opening of the valve which is known as annulus, which is the ring-like structure that surrounds the valve. Annuloplasty is commonly used in mitral valve repair and aortic valve repair. It can be performed by inserting a prosthetic ring or band around the annulus to reshape and support it.

Valve Leaflet Repair

In cases where the valve leaflets are damaged or not functioning properly, various techniques can be used to repair them. This may involve reshaping, resizing, or reattaching the leaflets to improve their function. The specific technique used depends on the nature and extent of the leaflet abnormality.

Chordal Repair

The chordae tendineae are thin strands that connect the valve leaflets to the muscles of the heart. If these cords are ruptured or elongated, they can lead to valve dysfunction. In this case, chordal repair surgery is performed that involves repairing or reconstructing the damaged cords.

Commissurotomy

This technique is primarily used in cases of mitral valve stenosis, where the valve leaflets become stiff and fused together. Commissurotomy involves separating the fused leaflets to restore proper valve opening and improve blood flow.

Decalcification

Calcium deposits can accumulate on valve leaflets, leading to valve dysfunction. In some cases, the surgeon may need to remove or reduce the calcium deposits through a process called decalcification. This helps restore the flexibility and proper function of the valve.

Patch Repair

In certain cases, a patch may be used to repair a portion of the valve leaflet that is damaged or insufficient. The patch can be made from synthetic materials or tissue grafts, and it helps to strengthen and reconstruct the affected area.

Procedure of Valve Repair Surgery

General overview of the repair valve surgery is described below:

Anesthesia: The patient receives general anesthesia to ensure unconsciousness and to limit the irritation and discomfort during the surgery.

Incision: the large incision is made in traditional open heart surgery or smaller incisions are made which depends on the condition and the valve involved.

Heart lung Bypass: The patient is connected to a machine that temporarily takes over the heart and lung functions. This allows the surgeon to work on the non-functioning valve while maintaining the circulation of blood.

Valve Exposure: The surgeon carefully exposes the affected valve by opening the appropriate heart chambers.

Valve Repair: The surgeon performs the necessary repair techniques specific to the valve and condition being treated. These techniques may include annuloplasty, leaflet repair, chordal reconstruction, commissurotomy, decalcification, or patch repair. The goal is to restore normal valve function.

Assessment and Testing: The surgeon evaluates the repaired valve to ensure proper function and effective sealing to prevent leakage or stenosis.
Closure: Once the valve repair is successful, the surgeon closes the heart incision by using sutures. Dressings and bandages are applied for healing and the prevention of infection.

Heart Restart: The heart-lung bypass machine is gradually discontinued, allowing the heart to resume its normal function. The patient's circulation is carefully transitioned back to its usual state.

Chest Closure: The surgeon closes the chest incision by using sutures and applying some medications to prevent any type of infection.

Recovery: medications are used to manage the pain after operation. Some medications are also used to prevent blood clot formation to avoid any complications after the procedure.

Diagnosis of Valve Repair Treatment India

Cost of Valve Repair Surgery in India

The cost of valve repair surgery in India ranges from 2500 USD to 4000 USD. The cost may vary according to hospital, city of India, patient’s condition and complications of procedure at the time of surgical procedure.

Cost of different procedures of valve repair surgery in India:

Symptoms and Risk factors

Here are some of the names of conditions in which valve repair surgery is indicated:

• Mitral valve regurgitation
• Aortic valve regurgitation
• Tricuspid valve regurgitation
• Mitral valve stenosis
• Aortic valve stenosis
• Tricuspid valve stenosis
• Pulmonary valve regurgitation
• Pulmonary valve stenosis
• Mitral valve prolapses 
• Bicuspid aortic valve 
• Infective endocarditis involving heart valves
• Rheumatic heart disease with valve dysfunction
• Congenital heart defects involving heart valves

Risk Factors of Valve Repair Surgery

Some risk factors associated with valve repair surgery are described below:

Bleeding

Surgery involves the risk of bleeding, which should be managed properly.

Infection

There is a risk of developing an infection at the surgical site. Infection can happen right after the surgery or after a long time.

Anesthesia Complications

Anesthesia has some complications associated with it such as breathing difficulties, allergic reactions and infertility.

Blood Clots

After surgery, there is a risk of blood clots that form in the legs and then can travel to major organs and cause major complications.

Valve Dysfunction

There is a chance that the valve may not function properly after the surgery. This may need additional surgery of valve repair or may need valve replacement.

Valve Reoperation

In some instances, the repaired valve may require reoperation in the future due to recurring valve dysfunction or other complications. This is more likely in complex cases or when the repair is not fully successful.

Stroke

During surgery, there is a small risk of clots or debris formation that can later dislodge and travel to the brain and can be the cause of stroke.

Damage to Surrounding Structures

There is a rare possibility of damage to the structures in surroundings, such as blood vessels or nerves, during the surgical procedure.